America Needs The Patriot Act Essay - 1262 Words

To a vast majority of Americans, there exists the belief that the Patriot Act violates their right to privacy, and does little to ensure national security. However, this was not the intention of the Bush Administration, who passed this law. One week after September 11, 2001, the Patriot Act, a law that was meant to strengthen national security, was signed by the Bush Administration to ensure that no terrorist attack would ever harm the lives of more Americans. The Patriot Act gave federal law enforcement agencies what they needed to mount an effective and coordinated plan to stop United States Terrorism. The officials were given the right to carry out surveillance over the internet, phone conversations, and public records. Therefore, this†¦show more content†¦By wiretapping specific people, the government is making it harder for terrorists to communicate and share their plans over long distances without revealing their plan. In addition to wiretapping, the power to access ol d records of people also gives more control to the national government of peoples future intentions: The USA Patriot Act allows for government access to Database Search Records, Circulation Records, Computer Use Records, E-mail Records, Inter-Library, Loan Records, and Reference Interviews (Johnson 1). These key provisions are what the United States needs to ensure the well-being of its people. So far, terrorism has been a key obstacle to many foreign nations, as they are struggling to prevent terrorist attacks. From the year of 1997 up to the year of 2003, international terrorist attacks have gone from less than 500 to almost 3000. Overall, global terrorism has grown by almost 1200% from 1997 to 2003. (Johnston 1). This massive increase in terrorism reflects on other nations lack of control of the safety of their nation. These statistics also show that something needs to be done to protect theShow MoreRelated America Needs the Patriot Act Essay example827 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Patriot Act Unconstitutional? The Patriot Act was introduced in 2001 after the September 11 attacks. The Patriot Acts purpose is to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world. The Patriot Act Is meant to help stop terrorism by making it easier to get search warrants for suspected terrorists. The purpose of the Patriot Act is to enable law enforcement officials to track down and punish those responsible for the attacks on 9/11 and to protect against anyRead MoreThe United States Patriot Act1533 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Gov. Term Paper Patriot Act On September 11, 2001, the Unites States suffered massive destruction caused by terrorism. Four planes were hijacked by terrorist. Nearly, three thousand lives were lost when two planes crashed into the World Trade Towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final plane crashed in Pennsylvania before it could reach its final destination. An immense fear spread across the country and out of this fear came the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing AppropriateRead MoreThe Bombing Of The Patriot Act1394 Words   |  6 Pagesthis attack, America now felt the need to protect themselves from terrorism. As a result, the Patriot Act came about. The Patriot Act was signed by President Bush on September 19, 2001 and put into use on October 26, 2001. The Patriot Act now allowed the government to have increased access to American citizens. If needed the government can tap phone calls, read text messages and hold Americans under suspicion at the airport. Although there were law s in effect for terrorism, this Act increasedRead MoreThe Patriot Act Impact On America1428 Words   |  6 Pagesshocked most citizens and government officials. In response President Bush signed the Patriot Act, however since provisions expired later President Obama had to reactivate the Patriot Act. Most citizens were unaware of reaction from our government. The Patriot Act impacted of America, the Director of National Intelligence, and the agencies that report directly towards the DNI. Topic I : Patriot Act impact in America A. Anti-terrorism Prevention B. Civil Liberties C. Media , Journalism , and LibrariesRead More The Patriot Act Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Patriot Act. On September 11, 2001 Muslim terrorists instilled with a hatred of the west attacked the United States in a brutal fashion. Planes were hijacked and flown into the World Trade Center in New York. Over three thousand people were killed and the impregnable nation known as America was know scared and vulnerable. Almost immediately the legislature began drafting an act that would make the war on terror and the fight for homeland security a little easier to fight, this would comeRead More The Patriot Act Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patriot Act After the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 our country underwent a change that has drastically affected the fundamental values that our founding fathers instilled in this country. Since that tragic day in September the aftermath of the attacks has started to implicate our Civil Liberties that in this country we hold so dear. Just 45 days after the September 11 attacks, with virtually no debate, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act on October 5th, 2001. This act expandedRead More The War on Terrorism is an Attack on American Civil Liberties835 Words   |  4 Pagesignited a war on our civil liberties.   Our civil liberties have been affected by the passing of the Patriot Act, the violation of privacy, and an increase in racial profiling. Civil liberties have been affected immensely by the Patriot Act.   A brief definition of the Patriot Act is; uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism.   The Patriot Act modifies the rules on searches.   It allows third party holders of your financial, library, travelRead MoreSecurity vs. Liberty1116 Words   |  5 PagesSecurity vs. Liberty: The Battle for America In the wake of September 11th, the country was in turmoil. Fear and confusion were rampant; direction was required. President George Bush, in a famous address, acknowledged the severity of the attacks, and called for a newly invigorated sense of nationalism. His plan for preventing future attacks called for the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, and expanded powers to intelligence agencies (Bush). During this time, one of the most provocativeRead More Patriot Act Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesPatriot Act One of the worst, yet momentous events in U.S history occurred on September 11th, 2001. This event released a flow of patriotic fervor and a permanent fear among all Americans that they had also now become suspect to acts of international terrorists. This led to a lot of changes in the attitudes of the executive and legislative branches in the United States government. They came up almost immediately with new measures, which were supposedly against terrorism or terrorist threatsRead MoreEssay about The Not So Patriot Act1635 Words   |  7 PagesPatriotic Patriot Act On September 11, 2001 the United States was attacked by a terrorist group on our own soil. On October 26, 2011 the US Government signed into law the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA Patriot Act). Only one and a half months after we were attacked physically by a terrorist group, our government decided that we would be better off with a lot less freedom in order to better protect America from

• When Christianity first began they adopted all sorts of...

†¢ When Christianity first began they adopted all sorts of pagan religious aspects in to their ways of warship. †¢ Early Christians did not believe in fitting so they protested against the romans peacefully. †¢ People thought that it was very admirable for the Christians to die for what they believed in. †¢ Although early Christians where peaceful and excepted parts of other religions, once they took control of Europe they abandoned these noble practices. †¢Christian’s lasted longer than Jews because they chose to protest against romans non violently while on the other hand Jew took up arms against the romans. †¢Romans specialized in taking over land and not groups of people, sins the Jews had a specific land were all of them lived they†¦show more content†¦They believed that this was the most holy way to die. †¢There were basic tortures that everyone has heard about like being burned at the stacks, beheaded, and fed to the lions. But there were some much more elaborate ways in which Christians where killed. †¢Sometime Christians where put in metal boxes and thrown in a pit of fire. While other times they were sawed in half. Sometimes they would have their arms cut of and then they were thrown in the ocean. †¢Rome was having a lot of problems and they did not need a new religion creating even more but this concern was soon forgotten as barbarians were attacking the empire. †¢As Christianity spread barbarians were still attacking and sons christians did not believe in valance they would not fight so Rome had to hire soldiers from other countries. †¢This was a big strain on Romes budget which lead too Rome losing a lot of money and sins Armies were loyal to their generals and not Rome there where a lot of new emperors. †¢ When Jesus started to perform his so called metical’s the current rulers of Jerusalem feared that he might take over so when Rome sized control of Jerusalem they told the Romans that Jesus was guilty of treason. †¢ They gave him the same punishment as anyone ells he was hung from a cross as a public display of what would happen if anyone was suspected of treason. †¢ Jesus was not all good as the bible tells you there was a few people that claimed that jesses hade stolen things from them and to theShow MoreRelatedRome And Rome : Colosseum, Circus Maximus, And Hippodromes1610 Words   |  7 PagesGreece and Rome: Colosseum, Circus Maximus, and Hippodromes. 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Through an analysis of classical elements often portrayed in popular media, this essay attempts to illustrate how the represe ntation of ancientRead MoreRome During The Revolution Of Rome Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesWhen many people think of Rome, they think of an oligarchy but still consider Rome somehow democratic. Rome, however was a mix of many different systems, all culminating with the aristocratic versus the Plebeians. Rome was built on a monarchy before becoming a ’democracy,’ and then ending with an imperial rule. As Rome struggled with recognizing the different social classes within its social system and society, the system of government that it was based on slowly morphed into something that was notRead More The City of Rome Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe City of Rome The city of Rome was quite spacious. It had a â€Å"population of about 1,000,000† (Arnold, Pg. 266). Within the city of Rome, there was a variety of ethnic groups. It was a multi-ethnic cosmopolitan city: Italians from various districts as well as people from Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, Judea, Persia, Egypt, North Africa, Spain, Gaul, Germany, Brittania, and elsewhere† (Arnold, Pg. 266). Rome also had five or six different religions. â€Å"The entire pantheon of Roman gods, numerous GreekRead MoreThe Roman And Roman Rome1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Catacombs Rome today is a bustling and diverse city teeming with history and culture that dates back to thousands of years. This rich cultural intertwine is evident with its seeming myriad of historical monuments, relics, and construction that allude to various ancient cultures. Rome’s ground level environment is truly an architectural, cultural, and spiritual hearth for things of the past; however, this area is truly only â€Å"the tip of the iceberg†. Underneath Rome’s floors lies a seeminglyRead MoreColosseum of Rome Essay2347 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay, I will be writing about the great Colosseum of Rome and what was held inside to give the citizens of Rome some entertainment. The Romans had many choices of what to do during their spare time, such as ball games, board games, and watching gladiatorial fights in the Colosseum; this was the most popular type of entertainment. To many people today, Roman entertainment was classed as cruel. However, not all for ms of entertainment involved such violence as within the Colosseum. ThereRead MoreThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1366 Words   |  6 Pages The Civilization of Ancient Rome and The Time of the Kings, From Republic to Empire: Romulus and Remus, the Etruscans, the Greeks and early influences HST 101 Spring 2015 Lance Raebel Pima Community College West Campus Tucson, Arizona Table of Contents Introduction I. Romulus And Remus founding story a. Twin brothers i. Considered to be half gods ii. Rasied by a she wolf b. Father the god of war i. Rapes Rhea Silvia their mother c. Find Rome i. Romulus then kills Remus for leadership IIRead MoreRome s Good Side And Rome1558 Words   |  7 PagesPofue Yang Mrs. Killian English 8 Rome’s Good Side and Rome’s Bad Side When people hear or see the word â€Å"Rome†, many of them think of the ancient Roman culture. The Roman culture consists of the Roman Gods, myths, their way of life, and arts. The surveyors wrote things such as â€Å"Romans Gods†, â€Å"Jesus†, â€Å"Architecture†, and â€Å"Ancient†. But the most surprising thing was that barely any of the surveyors mentioned Rome’s dark side; conquership, enslavement of people, forcing other people to fight for entertainmentRead MoreRome: Engineering an Empire812 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Name Professor Name Course Title Date Rome: Engineering an Empire It is said that Rome was not built in a day. True. It took ambition, lust, murder and the unrivalled power of technology to make the Roman Empire span across three continents and many centuries. While the contributions of ambition, conquest and other political and militaristic factors remain important for the Roman Republic to transform into an Empire, none of this could have been possible without the immense contributionRead MoreThe Roman Colosseum Of Rome1153 Words   |  5 Pagesevery year. This massive amphitheater is located in the center of Rome, Italy. During ancient roman times these massive amphitheaters were commonly placed around cities. â€Å"Eventually there were well over 250 amphitheaters in the Roman empire† (Hopkins). However, no other amphitheater competes in size. What sparked the want to build such a massive amphitheater? Why is this so important? Years prior to the construction of the Colosseum, Rome was dealing with a massive civil war which destroyed the city

Uk Taxation System Free Essays

1. 1 Introduction of the UK tax system There is a very long time before British tax becomes what it is now, which can be traced back to Ancient times when UK was a part of the Roman Empire. The uniform land tax in 1692 is the basis to the current British tax system; at that time, the land tax is a kind of direct tax and is the main source of government revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Uk Taxation System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before the end of 18th century in British, William Pitt announced income tax to cover the expenses on weapons in the preparation for the Napoleonic Wars. Initially, the tax rate was around 1/120 of the income above ? 60 and the rate increased to 1/10 of income above ? 200. In the 20th century, income tax is the main resource for UK government; in the mean time, indirect taxes also became more important through the century. In 1965, the corporation tax and the capital gains tax were introduced, and in 1984 the capital transfer tax was replaced by inheritance tax. Currently, the taxation system in the UK can be mainly categorized as personal tax, including income tax, inheritance tax and council tax, sales taxes and duties, including value added tax, excise duties, stamp duty and motoring taxation, business and personal taxes, including national insurance contributions and capital gains tax and business taxes. As a constitutional monarchy, the power of legislation is highly concentrated. All tax laws are from proposals from the Treasury Department and after approved by parliament and the royal, these proposals can come into effect and become laws. In the UK, nearly 90% of tax income is collected by central government. The HM Revenue Customs takes charges of tax administration related affairs, including value added tax, sales revenue and tariff. 1. 2 Discussion of the UK taxation bases In computing the tax, we have to consider two parts: tax base and tax rate. Tax base is the economic basis of a certain tax and it is the base amount to compute the tax liabilities. Tax base is different from tax object, for example, the total income is the object of income tax, while only the taxable income can be regarded tax base. On the whole, tax base has two categories: economical tax base and non-economical tax base. Economical tax base means the objects of tax that are related to economical actions, such as revenue, capital and sales; non-economical tax base has nothing to do with people’s economical actions, such as the poll tax that is taxed on every individual person without their actions. In the UK, there are three kinds of tax bases: income base, capital base and consumption base. The income base is mainly used in individual income tax and corporate income tax. In most countries, revenue from income tax is the main source of government, so income tax base certainly has many advantages. Firstly, income tax base is much larger than other tax bases, because people with income above taxable allowance are the subjects to income tax. Furthermore, for most people, tax based on income is easy to calculate and manage for governmental officers. On the other hand, income tax base also has several disadvantages. Firstly, income tax base is only available for cash income; for income as goods, income tax base would not work. Obviously, it is unfair to not tax on goods income. Secondly, income has many sources; some are easy to track, such as wages and bonus, while some are not easy to detect, such as illegal sales commissions. At last, different people have different ability to pay the tax and income is not a good indictor to measure their tax abilities. So it is very hard to make a rule or rate to keep fair among every taxpayer. Capital can be used to make income and can reflect individuals’ paying ability, so it seems to be a good base for tax. However, the amount of capital would not generate the same amount of income, so it is not very accurate to use capital as a tax base. Furthermore, there are many kinds of capitals, which are hard to calculate and manage, and taxpayers’ economic conditions are not the same, for example a house with mortgages and without mortgage should not be regarded same, so capital tax base also has some drawbacks. At last, consumption is also a measurement of ability to pay tax; more consumption means more ability to pay tax and less consumption means less ability to pay tax. According to Nicholas Kaldor’s theory, revenue should be the base of tax, not income. But here comes a confusing question: what if a person saves most of his/her income in the bank, rather than for consumption? Moreover, revenue tax base would affect the money supply on the capital market, because most people would tend to shorten their consumption and save money in banks. In a nut shell, all of these three tax bases have advantages and disadvantages, and there is no perfect tax base that can very fairly measure all taxpayers’ ability. So when considering the tax system, we should keep a balance between these three tax bases. . 3 Evaluation of a good taxation system What are the qualities of a good taxation system? Of course, nobody likes paying tax; however, tax is the main source for government revenue, which is used for providing public services. So we can also say taxpayers pay for the services they received, such as high ways and public schools. A good tax system s hould be both simple and equitable and simple. Equity has two directions: one is horizontal and the other is vertical. Horizontal equity means taxpayers with similar income should the same level of tax; vertical equity means taxpayers with higher income should pay a high level tax. Even though companies have to pay corporate tax, all taxes are ultimately paid by individual taxpayers. So it is extremely important to keep tax system to be equitable. Besides, simple is also an important quality to a good tax system. The rules and laws should be easy to understand; the tax liability should be easy to calculate and the tax system should be easy to administer. If the cost to administer the tax is more than tax revenue received, this kind of tax system is inefficient to both taxpayers and government. Complicated tax laws are costly to both taxpayers and the government; such laws are hard to administer and inefficient to collect. In addition, a good tax system should also be certainty, which means that the tax policy should keep being stable year to year, because this can make taxpayers to know the difficulty to evade tax payable and make a reasonable tax plan on the long run. On the whole, equity and efficient principles are two main principles to measure a tax system. A pie cannot be made both bigger and divided fairly. The same situation happens here. We cannot expect a tax system to be both equity and efficient, for example, when cut down the marginal income tax rate for those high income taxpayers, their productivity would increase accordingly, while the tax equity would decrease. However, there is always a comparably good point between them, which we often call tradeoff. 1. 4 Evaluation of the UK taxation system In the UK tax system, income tax, national insurance, value added tax and corporation tax are the four main source of governmental revenue; the percentages are respectively 29%, 19%, 15% and 9%. On the whole, the UK tax system is quite stable. According to Huijun Yang (2012), from mid 90s 20th century, the ratio of total tax on GDP is between 36% and 39%, so it would be easy for taxpayers to make a tax plan. In addition, the UK tax system is quite equity for its income tax rate ranges from 10% to 50% and low income taxpayers can deduct allowances too. In 2012, the income tax personal allowance increases from 7,475 to 9,000 and the highest income tax rate decreases from 50% to 45%. This new rule will benefit 23,000,000 basic income tax rate taxpayers. The UK tax system also operates efficiently and the cost to administer tax is comparatively low. So overall, the UK tax system is well designed and works both efficiently and equity. However, there are still some drawbacks of the UK tax system. Firstly, the highest tax rate will be 45% in 2013, so the income gap between the rich and the poor will get bigger and bigger. Secondly, the tax takes less than 40% of the GDP, while, on average, government expenditure is 45% of the GDP, which means that the government need to increase their deficit to keep going on. Too much deficit will increase the governments’ financial pressure, because the borrowing must be paid by future years’ tax revenue. If the deficit always keeps on a high level, the governments’ authority among public would be weaken, and government function cannot be operated well. Thirdly, individual tax is prepared and paid by individuals; these tax preparation costs, including service fee of accountants and time cost, are also hidden costs for taxpayers. At last, the British government provides comprehensive social welfare to all citizens; among them, most taxpayers pay for the services, but some lower income taxpayers or unemployed people enjoy the services free of charge. So it is those high income taxpayers pay money for the low income taxpayers, and this would decrease those high income taxpayers’ work efficiency because some of their work are not rewarded. According to Holdford and Lovelace-Elmore (2001, p. 8), Vroom asserts, â€Å"Intensity of work effort depends on the perception that an individual’s effort will result in a desired outcome†. 1. 5 suggestions for the UK taxation system The following suggestions may be work to solve those drawbacks: * Creating more jobs for the poor and unemployed people * Increasing the highest rate of income tax Optimize the tax structure * Simplifying complex tax law clause * Decreasing the corporate tax rate for starting companies 2. 1 proposals for the UK taxation system In the UK, the main taxes are: income tax, inheritance tax, council tax, value added tax, motoring taxation, corporate tax and capital gain tax. Even though all taxes have different tax bases, the ultimate taxpayers are ev ery individual. As we know, a pie cannot both be big and evenly sliced. So for the UK government, it should find out a good point that can make the tax system be both efficient and equity. According to the 2012 Budget statement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon George Osborne MP (2012), the main target for the UK government is to keep the economy in a stable increase trend. As mentioned in Osborne’s report, the UK’s economy is in a depressed time and the government has to both cut down expenditures and expand tax revenue. Therefore, we proposed three proposals on the tax system to improve the development of economy. Firstly, divide more the income tax rate levels between the higher rate and additional rate. According to the current UK income tax system, taxpayers with band between ? 34,371 and ? 150,000 are applicable to the higher rate that is 40%, and taxpayers with band over ? 150,000 are applicable to 50% additional income tax rate. Apparently, the range from ? 34,371 and ? 150,000 are too wide that some mid-class families have to pay too much income tax for the high marginal tax rate. Taxpayers with income of ? 34,371 and ? 150,000 are totally different in tax payment ability, so it is not fair to let all of them pay tax on the same rate. From my point of view, taxpayers with band between ? 4,371 and ? 70,000 are applicable to tax rate of 25% because most mid-class taxpayers’ incomes are in this range and by doing so, there financial pressure will be reduced a lot; taxpayers with income ranges from ? 70,000 to ? 100,000 are subjects to 35% income tax rate and taxpayers with band from ? 100,000 to ? 150,000 pay income tax on 45% income tax rate. This proposal will greatly red uce the most mid-class taxpayers’ financial pressure and as the marginal tax rate increases for high income taxpayers, the total tax revenue for government will not decrease. Secondly, impose property tax on people who own luxury houses or own more than three houses. In many countries, the property tax is imposed on individual house owners because real perporty is a remark of wealth. The property tax can help to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. Moreover, as the tax is imposed on multiple house holders, the economic bubble in real estate investment or speculation will be greatly eliminated. Currently, the property tax is imposed on gains from capital, such as house rental not on capital itself. Even though taxpayers pay tax on their capital gain, the income gap still increases. At last, decrease the rate of stamp duty for bond or stock transactions. Currently, the stamp duty rate is 0. 5%. As mentioned in the UK’s budget statement, the main target in 2012 is to keep the economy to be stable not do slow down. The decrease of stamp duty is really a good method to stimulate the economy development. On the one hand, the decrease of stamp duty is a good remark for the stock market, which would encourage more stock transactions. On the other hand, even though the rate of stamp duty decreases, as more transactions there will be, the total revenue from stamp duty will still increase. As we know, UK is the center of worldwide stock market center. Stock market is the main capital source for public companies, so the boom of capital market will greatly promote the development of entity economy. In conclusion, the UK’s tax system is well organized and designed except for some drawbacks. I believe my proposals can effectively improve both equity and efficiency of the UK tax system and stimulate the economy development. Reference list Budget statement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon George Osborne MP, 2010. HM TREASURY. online] Available at: http://www. hm-treasury. gov. uk/junebudget_speech. htm Finance Act 1965 (c. 25), from UK Statute Law Database†. UK Statutory Publications Office,  Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 2007-05-09. â€Å"HM Revenue and Customs receipts†. hmrc. gov. uk. Retrieved 2011-11-11. Kay, Richard. â€Å"Palace fear over Queen’s tax bill†. Daily Mail  (London). Peter Victor (30 July 1995). â€Å" A brief history of VAT†. The Independent(London). Retrieved 13 January 2011. Principles of a good tax system,2010, tutor2u, [online] Available at: How to cite Uk Taxation System, Papers

Important Types Of Business Processes †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Important Types Of Business Processes. Answer: Introduction Business process is a group of linked tasks that find their end in the conveyance of a service or product to the customers or clients. Further it has also been explained as a set of activities and tasks which once finished will achieve a companys goal. However, its processes must explain the inputs and its single outputs clearly. These inputs will thus, get build up with all the elements that contributes to the added value either directly or indirectly of a specific service or product. Therefore, these elements can be classified into management, operational and supporting processes of business. Business processes is however important in an organization as it helps in higher productivity, expand revenue. It also helps in lowering the expenditures, have a strong managerial control. Business process authorizes the company to respond to their customers and the requirements of the markets in a much faster way than the opposition. The most important part that it plays in any organization i s that it improves the consistency and constraint outcome in a better service to the customers (Rosemann and vom Brocke 2015). There are three important types of business processes which are primary or essential process, support process andmanagement process (Becker, Kugeler and Rosemann 2013).The very first one which is the primary or essential process is the most crucial one. In this process there is a direct communication with the customers and thus, they are provided value directly. However, it always contemplates the value chain as a whole. It further helps in outstretching and outshines the standards of the organization. Then, is the support process which has been established formally for supporting the already mentioned primary processes. Support process however has no contact with the customers so it cannot supply any value to the customers instantly. Lastly, themanagement process which has been formally established to any organization to collaborate the activities of the primary and secondary business processes. However it helps in measuring, monitoring and controlling the processes in an organizati on and like support processes it also does not allocate value directly to the customers. This report describes how ERP software can be used in bus transportation, its advantages and disadvantages and how it can be used in the security purposes in the bus transportation industry. Develop business requirements Business requirements are frequently listed in a Business Requirement Document or BRD. The importance in BRD is given on what is needed rather than in what ways it can be achieved. Thus, this is normally delegated to a System Requirements Specification or document or different variations like the Functional Specification Document. However, for a bus transportation industry the basic business requirements will be of strong reputation that must be supplied by two honorable references. Then, the requirement is to be fit and positive for the motive of accreditation. There must be necessary process knowledge and level of capability to manage a bus service. The business further requires financial viable so that it can manage the bus transportation service and the level of capability to run a bus transportation service. Further, they must have an access to sufficient maintenance opportunities for the vehicles along with an appropriate written approval from the local council. However, on the other hand the important software requirements in the buses must be driver online portals, VMS electronic job card and Driver walk-round check mobile app (Daniels and Mulley 2013). The first and foremost is the Driver online Portal which is very much useful for the coach manager reservation and contract booking system. This helps the driver to securely log in to an instinctive desktop and websites that are mobile friendly from where they can easily look into an online dairy record of the bookings they have assigned to (Boyd and Boost3 2013) . However this can help enormously as just a click on the bookings will give the total details of the tickets that are generated. Drivers can also get advantages from this like they can print their own work tickets straightaway from this website or can easily download it. Clients can also verify their bookings from the website and can also pay online from their desktop or mobiles. The next software requirement is VMS electronic job card this will help in saving papers and keeping all the original documents in the electronic job card (Hommes and Holmner 2013). Lastly, the Driver walk-around check mobile app it has numerous be nefits because of its improvements that is available to the Apple and Android mobile users in their devices. It highly helps in the driver and manager conveyance where the driver can let everyone know through this app if any crisis occurs like an accident or a service request and so the connection with the drivers are maintained. Determine the systems requirements When a software and hardware is obtained for any computer the thing that should be kept in mind is that whether it will support the requirements of the system that is the computer. However, there are few necessitate specifications that the computers must possess in order to be able to use any software or hardware. Thus, if the requirements are not met then there is no possibility to run the software. Moreover, it is equally important for the hardware devices to get a system requirement check before installing any software. ITS or the intelligent transportation systems is very important for the public transports as it is a holistic answer for themanagement of well organized transportation. This system helps in changing the desires and understands the particular requirements of the section. It further helps in the fleet operators to supply better experience to the passengers travelling and enhance the effectiveness of the fleet operator. The next is the intelligent transportation real- time system. This has been designed for application in the rural or compact urban providers of paratransit transportations. It is helpful to the passengers as it imparts them the capability to schedule a demand or acknowledgment to the bus trip to an appointed location or activity. Thus, the passenger to schedule any trip can contact the dispatch centre (Camacho, Foth and Rakotonirainy 2013). Software and Vendor selection Public transport for example bus requires a well-formulated technology to take care of their database and security breech. This is because manual formulation of data leads to a lot of confusion and complications in the business. Data are the most important part of an enterprise and it is through a proper database company can analyse its revenue, cost and profit. The software that can be implemented in the bus transport system is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in all its operation. ERP is a type of business processes software that can be used in the management of the business processes. It assists the processes of the business in which it can integrate all the functions that is taking place in the back office as well as in the front office. The functions that are assisted by ERP are usually a technology or service related functions. However, to implement the software efficiently the organisation supplying bus services requires keeping a dedicated team that can help them organise the data and take future recommendations accordingly (Leon 2014). ERP software includes a number of modules such as distribution management, supply chain management, accuracy improvement, reduction of redundant task; manage pay roll activities and others. Thus, an Enterprise Resource Software will be useful for the bus transport as well to help them manage their daily data. The vendor from where the bus transport services can purchase the ERP software is Aquion. It is one of the best business and technology provider enterprise in Australia. It also offers network security along with its management solution to help the company. It is the best IT solution company the transport industry can get to protect their information and manage its business on a day-to-day basis. It has its business spread over three nits through it offers business solutions to the customer. The business involved in bus transport can avail the ERP software from this vendor for a comparatively less cost and lifetime free services (Koupaei and Movahedi 2014). Benefits of the implemented software Implementation of software like ERP in the bus transport services can help the business benefit is various ways. The software helps the business to manage both its external and internal resources in a great way. The internal resources are the staffs, materials and financial resources of the organisation. Whereas, the external resources are the customers, vendors and other influencing the demand of the transport system. The ERP software puts a positive effect on the bus transport business in two major activities such as the ticket generation activity and the payroll activities of the constructors, drivers and others. ERP will be used in the ticket generation activity in a bus transport system in which the software will be put in a machine in the gate. The passengers need to generate their own ticket in the gate before entering into the bus. This will help the company to keep a track on the number of passengers travelling daily, as the software will automatically capture the number of tickets generated. This will increase the security rate of the organisation and will not allow the conductors or the drivers to deceive the company in any way. It will also give a sense of security to the customer and help the company to improve its customer relationship management (CRM) (Lasisi et al. 2017). On the other hand, it helps the mangers of the business to manage the payroll activity of the workers in the company. This is because financial accounting is one of the core activity offered by the ERP system. The software will automatically generate the number of leaves, late coming and other activities of the business. Thus, the company will be able to get knowledge about the cost it is incurring on the staffs of the business and other activities and the revenue of the business from the number of tickets getting generated every day. Thus, ERP can be used in these two activities of a bus transport business, which will make their work much easy and save them from any kind of fa lsification done by the staffs of the business (Feldman et al. 2015). Efficiency of technology implementation Implementation of technology is a part of development strategy made by the company to help them grow in a positive way. Planning and implementing a technology has a lot of affect on the daily operation of the business. Similarly, implementation of ERP software in the bus transport services will have a lot of impact on its daily business and in its growth. The benefits that ERP will generate on the bus transport services are competition, efficiency, forecasting, cost savings, productivity, customer service and others. Competition is one such factor that is a concern for every business and its growth. Thus, ERP is a costly system that cannot be used by everyone and the usage of this software will put the bus business on top of other types of transport business. Efficiency can gained by using ERP because it makes the operation of the business easy and reduce the chances of insecurity caused in it. This makes the operation beneficial and less challenging for the business (Bindi 2016). Ot her benefit is cost saving as the business will not require many staffs to look after various activities and it can be done by the advance technology of ERP. Moreover, ERP also leads to increase in productivity and sales as customers can now generate their own ticket and the chances of the conductor to falsify the business are reduced. Customers gain a lot from this software, as they require cutting the ticket before boarding the bus. This saves them from any false charges asked by the customer for the same route. Lastly, the most important benefits for which the customer takes the ERP system is the security and the software helps the business to secure their data about the customers and its monthly finance. Thus, ERP has many benefits on the transport business in its both internal environment and external environment (Chofreh et al. 2014). Potential Security Risks ERP is the software that helps any organization to improve its business operations, which include accounting, human resources, customer relationship, order management and supply chain. This software applies for Human Resource Planning. Before using this software in the transport systems of Australia there are many problems faced by the transportation authority (Zeng et al. 2012). However, this software has been applied in the business operations of the transport systems such as managing payroll for the employees of the transport business and automatic ticket production. Payroll is the list of the transport corporations employees and the total amount of wages that are paid to them. Before applying this software on the transport organization, the payroll management would be done on paper. The payroll stuff would manage the calculation by maintaining records on paper (Laudon and Laudon 2016). There are high chances of making errors in this process. There are some potential risk factors involved in this manual process of payroll management. The process of the payroll could be slow and laborious, as it has been done manually and it demands heavy concentration that would be necessary for maintaining detailed information of the payroll sheet. There are high chances of making mistakes in this process as it is related to checking, processing, reviewing, correcting and authentication of the individual employees payroll information, which would be done manually. However, ERP decreases the chances of errors. Before applying ERP on automatic ticket production system, the conductor of the transport would collect it and maintain the information and the accounts of the ticket collection (Tirachini 2013). As the whole process is done manually, there are high chances of making errors in this process. There are chances of making errors in calculation while collecting the money for tickets. The calculation error could happen in case of delivering the remaining balance with the tickets. The conductor or the employee of the transport system who is managing the ticket collection method could even forget to ask for the ticket from the boarder, as he has to be very alert and aware while managing the process. He has to look at every detail in collecting the money for the tickets, maintaining a fare calculation and delivering the right amount of money while giving the tickets to the passengers. However, the risk factors could be removed or minimized with the help of the ERP software application on the ticket management system of the transport corporation. Guidelines for Removing the Security Risks The risk factors that are involved in manual payroll process and the ticket collection method of the transport systems could be removed by the application of the ERP software on the systems. Applying the ERP software helps to collect all the relevant data under one umbrella (White 2016). The software is useful for gathering important data, which are associated with the payroll system and the ticket collection method. Applying ERP on the payroll system of the transport corporation will help in minimizing the human errors related to the complicated payroll structure, increasing the operational efficiency by providing correct and authentic data at right time (Kanellou and Spathis 2013). It helps in managing the whole payroll system effectively and efficiently. The software assists the organizational system in handling the important official data, which are related to calculation and wages of the employees. However, important information, like attendance and leave record, that are tracked for calculation of the monthly wages of the employees, PF details, other tax records and related calculations, can be jotted down together and updated whenever needed with the help of this software (Karunarathna 2015). However, the transport corporation authority can view employees data in one location. ERP solution gathers all the details and tracks records and evidences of the employees, associated with their wage s, promotes pay-slips, calculates all the allowances and the deductions, determines salary adjustments, arrears and bonus, computes overtime, handles Gratuity and Provident Funds and supervises all types of MIS reports (Madapusi and D'Souza 2012). Applying ERP on the automatic ticket production system will help to remove the risk factors associated with it. It provides security and authenticity to the authority of the transport system. The automatic ticket generated system with ERP software will help in minimizing the false entry of the passengers on the transports who do not pay the fare for their journey (Mudiraj 2013). However, it would not allow any passenger without tickets. The calculation would be done properly with the help of this software. The authority can keep records of the number of passengers and the total estimation of the fares collected from the passengers. It will help in profit making for the transport authority. The ERP software would allow those passengers who would correctly pay for their tickets. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the bus transport is a public transport and requires better software to track the daily activity of the customers as well as the staffs. Thus, the business requires keeping better software for both their internal as well as external activity. Enterprise Resource Planning is one of the best software that the business can use to take care of all its resources and make their daily operations quick and easy. ERP will be mainly used in two important activities of the business such as generating ticket by the customer and assisting in payroll activity of the organisation. With the help of ERP, the customers will be able to generate their own ticket before boarding the bus. This reduces the chances of falsification by both the company and their staffs. The most important benefit of using ERP software is to increase the security of the business while maintaining its database. Security is a concern that might lead to various problems in a busi ness and this software will integrate all its data and secure it in a single place. This also reduces complications in the business process that was preset in the absence of the software. References Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds., 2013.Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Bindi, M., 2016. A framework for implementing cloud based enterprise resource planning (ERP) in the transport business sector in Zimbabwe. Boyd, R.T. and Boost3, Llc, 2013.Systems and methods for an integrated online portal and marketplace for event-related items. 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